SQL systems are rational database management tools, but they do have some differences. What they all have in common is that data is stored in an organized manner in different tables, and these tables have relationships with each other. This ensures efficient data retrieval. The basis for this is the Structured Query Language (SQL). The database language has a simple syntax. The language has been standardized primarily by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Technical Commission (ITC).
This database language creates a foundation that is independent of the main program that supplies the data, thus ensuring versatile application possibilities. Systems that use SQL can generally be deployed on a variety of platforms. Most databases are integrated into an RDBMS (Relational Database Management System). These include Microsoft SQL Server and MySQL/MariaDB.
SQL-Server
MySQL Server is a proprietary database management system from the US company Microsoft. Its history dates back to the 1980s. This Microsoft database tool is available in various editions, differing in the type and scope of use as well as its intended purpose. Microsoft does not limit its data management software to Microsoft operating systems. New versions support an increasing number of Linux distributions. MS SQL Server is fundamentally designed to support the other programming languages C++, Java, Python, PHP, Go, Ruby, and Delphi. The data management software itself is based on the C++ and C programming languages.
MS SQL Server offers the ability to filter multiple tables without having to initiate individual operations. Furthermore, the Microsoft system boasts remarkable response times, despite large amounts of data. The software giant's database system therefore impresses with its high-tech scalability and data query capabilities. The existing connectors provide extremely efficient connections, especially with other Microsoft products. As a security system, the software also offers role-based access control and data masking technology. Microsoft's software is generally paid, and it supports fewer platforms than MySQL or MariaDB.
MySQL
MySQL, like all other database systems of its kind, uses the Structured Query Language (SQL). MySQL is an open-source database management system licensed under the GNU General Public License. This license grants free use of the software, even for business purposes. In addition to the language used, the suffix "My" was used in the naming convention. This suffix is not so much "my" but, as an acronym, is said to derive from a female name. MySQL is the most widely used database system worldwide and has been further developed and supported by several companies over time. MySQL's history dates back to the 1990s. Despite being free to use, the main developers benefit from paid support.
The system is largely platform-independent and can be run on virtually any operating system. The database management system supports the languages C++, Java, Python, PHP, Go, Ruby, Delphi, Perl, Haskel, and TCL. Like the Microsoft system, MySQL was programmed in C and C++. MySQL's primary focus is on the World Wide Web (WWW).
MySQL also shares basic functionality with other database management systems. Filtering is limited to one database level. As open-source software, MySQL offers numerous connectors and application programming interfaces (APIs) and is extremely extensible in its basic design. Scaling behavior influences system response time. However, the database management system features a sophisticated caching system, which enables fast access to data sets without having to access the actual database. However, as the data set of individual tables grows, access times also increase slightly. Even though MySQL offers numerous security features, the comparison to its proprietary Microsoft counterpart is controversial in this regard.
Regardless of its open-source status, the trademark rights to MySQL are owned by the hardware and software company Oracle Corporation, USA. The tech giant acquired the former developer company into its group.
MariaDB
MariaDB is also a free and relational open-source database management system. Its development dates back to the first decade of the new millennium. It is a fork of the parent system, MySQL. As with MySQL, a feminine name was placed before the acronym DB (Data Base). The main developer is the MariaDB Corporation, based in the USA and Finland. The developers offer long-term support (LTS) for their editions as an extension. This support guarantees updates for five years for a deployed LTS version. The short-term software is limited to one year. In some Linux distributions, MySQL has been replaced with MariaDB as the base offering.
MariaDB is optimized for high-performance and secure operation. Furthermore, the software offers rapid backups, even for large databases. This modernized database management tool is becoming increasingly preferred as an open-source product in system landscapes. As a security mechanism, MariaDB also offers end-to-end encryption for data on clusters. MariaDB is also frequently used on the WWW, but can also be used more flexibly through further developments.
Other database management systems
SOL Anywhere: A system from the German software company SAP since 2010. It was originally developed by the US company Sybase. The database system can be run on Microsoft operating systems, Apple macOS, Linux operating systems, and Unix-based systems such as Solaris, HP-UX, and AIX. This proprietary and paid system is often used on mobile operating systems. Files can be easily copied to other systems or synchronized with connected systems.
Oracle Database Server: A proprietary database management system from Oracle Corporation, USA. The origins of the rational database system date back to the 1970s. The database system uses a differentiated syntax in its SQL variant. The company offers a free Express Edition (XE) of the main program, which, however, is very limited. The platform range corresponds to the aforementioned SQL Anywhere.
IBM DB2: A commercial database management system from the US tech giant IBM. The foundations were laid in the early 1970s. In addition to being used on IBM's proprietary mainframe platform, the database tool can be deployed on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Unix. The company offers various versions for this purpose. Used for "big data communication," the system is frequently used (on a large scale) in the financial and tourism sectors.
PostgreSQL: This free, object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) is also suitable for complex queries and data-intensive applications. Written in the C programming language, the system can be installed on most operating platforms. Development began in the 1980s and today belongs to the PostgreSQL Global Development Group. The object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) is used to manage complex objects in which large amounts of data from objects must be related to other data or objects.
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